Repeated HOSPITALIZATION due to chronic illnesses in CHILDren is inevitable, and as the result both parents and CHILDren experience stressful times. Considering that the parent s anxiety is easily transferred to CHILDren, talented, powerful and efficient parents can provide a safe support system for their ill CHILD. Many parents show aggressive behavior, specially when they are not aware of the cause of the disease or the medical procedures which are done for their patients.Other sources of anxiety may be financial problems, CHILD intolerance, separation from their most loved ones, uncertainty about future and probability of the disease being contagious.Consequently, these parents show different unsuitable behavior such as, restlessness, hypersensitivity and withdrawal.Nurses, whom are accessible, powerful and knowledgeable enough to give both parents and CHILDren support, play an important and undeniable role in reducing anxiety and sadness of both groups.

Background & Objective: Each year thousands of CHILDren under five years old die due to acute respiratory infection and diarrheal diseases. A huge number of infants and CHILDren are hospitalized and visited by the physicians whereas most of these diseases can be prevented with timely treatment. CHILD health maintenance and improvement is one of the most important considerations in each society. Moreover, identifying CHILD morbidity patterns should be a matter of concern in order to improve the health services. This study provides an overview of the leading causes of HOSPITALIZATION among CHILDren with the aim of determining the most important causes of HOSPITALIZATION and offering appropriate strategies to decrease them.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2001 in Ardabil Ali-Asghar hospital. The subjects were randomly selected from the admission list on a daily basis. A questionnaire including demographic characteristics such as age, sex, time of admission and primary diagnosis was completed for each subject. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 1945 patients were admitted almost half of which were studied. Febrile convulsion was found to be the most common cause of HOSPITALIZATION (26%) while gastroenteritis (22.1%) and pneumonia (20%) were in the second and third order. Other causes included epilepsy, drug poisoning, meningitis, mumps, drug encephalitis, asthma, etc. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, standard case management is necessary especially about febrile convulsion which is the most common cause of HOSPITALIZATION. Since the present pattern is different from similar studies, further investigations are required to identify its causes.

Background and Objective: One of the main sources of tension and anxiety for parents is HOSPITALIZATION of CHILD in hospital. Considering the importance of family-centered care, it is essential to understand the needs of parents in order to provide them. This study was conducted to identify the needs of parents during CHILD HOSPITALIZATION.Materials and Method: The current qualitative study was conducted through conventional content analysis. Eighteen parents of hospitalized CHILDren in pediatric ward of hospitals in the city of Yazd in 2012 were selected through purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews were done. Data analysis was conducted using qualitative content analysis.Results: Data analysis revealed “the continuing role of parent” as the major theme. This theme is including the five main categories of need to receive information, need to participate in care, need to comfort, need to psychological-emotional support and need to peace of mind.Conclusion: Based on the results, it is essential that nurses focus on the identified needs of parents and try to meet them in order to maintain the role of parent and thus improving the quality of CHILD care.

Background and Objective: One of the main sources of tension and anxiety for the family is the crisis caused by the disease and HOSPITALIZATION of the CHILD. Today, attention to the emotional and spiritual needs of families in the care process has been known as one of the main priorities for improving pediatric care conditions. Understanding the religious behaviors of mothers during illness of CHILDren and HOSPITALIZATION may help us to response their spiritual needs better. This study aimed to understand the experiences and perspectives of mothers from religious practices during CHILD HOSPITALIZATION at the hospital.Method: This qualitative research was conducted in Teaching Pediatric Hospital affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The sampling was based on purposeful with maximum variation. Nineteen mothers of the hospitalized CHILDren were participated. Data saturation was the criteria for termination of sampling. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed according to conventional qualitative content analysis. All ethical issues were observed. Moreover, the authors did not report conflict of interest.Results: Analysis of data from the participants' experiences, leading to the formation of two main themes "Improving health-preserving" and "acceptance -compatibility" with sub-themes "achieve peace, hope, spiritual tolerance". Quran reading, muttering to God, prayer, praying were the spiritual behvaiours of mothers that were mentioned repeatedly in interviews.Conclusion: The results of the study showed that religious beliefs and religious behaviors can be an effective way to promote mental health in mothers of CHILDren admitted to hospital.

The present research was conducted with the aim of the relationship between social factors and family violence against CHILDren (CHILD abuse). The used method was a survey and the data collection tool was also a questionnaire. From a total of 155 families with a history of CHILD abuse based on the social emergency statistics of Tehran in the last 6 months of 1397, 110 families (parents with one or more CHILDren) were selected in District 9 of Tehran Municipality. The random sampling method was simple. In the present study, CHILDren under 11 years (6-11 years) were defined as the age range of CHILDren and family violence was also defined as violence applied by parents, older siblings. Research hypotheses were tested with SPSS statistical software through Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results showed that the experience of violence has a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against CHILDren and family violence against CHILDren. In other results, it was found that violence-oriented mentality has a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against CHILDren and family violence against CHILDren. In the continuation of the obtained results, the positive relationship of family problems with mental violence, physical violence and neglect against CHILDren and family violence against CHILDren was confirmed and it was found that gender stereotypes have a positive relationship with mental violence, physical violence and neglect against CHILDren and family violence against CHILDren. Finally, in the main hypothesis, the results showed: social factors have a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence and neglect against CHILDren and family violence against CHILDren.

HOSPITALIZATION of CHILD is one of the most stressful events of life for parents and CHILDren. This fear and stress may affect the process of treatment. Since there is no information available about the source of distress and needs of Iranian parents during the inpatient care of their CHILDren, we designed a research in order to discover the main source of worries and fears among parents. In this cross-sectional study 120 parents of 88 CHILDren were interviewed by structured questionnaire during the course of events when their CHILD needed inpatient care. Twenty close ended questions were asked in order to assess the major source of worries and distress. Factor analyses were used as a statistical test for data analysis. The rotated factors pattern isolated 7 factors that accounted for 61.60% of variances and their factor loading was above 0.5: 1) environment adjustment, 2) lack of preHOSPITALIZATION program, 3) lack of communication skills of caregiver, 4) parental skills, 5) HOSPITALIZATION expenses, 6) lose of independence and 7) lack of information. Other items of questionnaire were eliminated because their loading factors were less than 0.5. This finding suggests parents’ education before and during the CHILD inpatient care as a major need of parents. By parents education there is a chance of reducing their worries and fear and improve their parental skills. Offering preHOSPITALIZATION programs also provide a good opportunity for parents to ask questions from staff members and may help them to adjust themselves with new environment.

Introduction: Storytelling is one of the appropriate methods to reduce anxiety in CHILDren admitted to hospital. The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of storytelling in anxiety among 4-7 year old CHILDren who were admitted to hospital. Methods: This research is a clinical trial. The samples were 40 CHILDren aged 4 to 7 years which were admitted at Ahvaz educational hospitals for different medical reasons. Prior to the intervention, the researcher examined the anxiety level of CHILDren according to the anxiety scale of the preschool CHILDren of Spence (parental form). After completing a research tool by mothers in both groups, the samples were randomly (Classified block) divided into two groups. Intervention group had 4 sessions of treatment (storytelling) for 20 minutes per each session at separate days. In the control group, only daily conversation was performed. The data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistical tests (Chi-square, independent t-test, and paired t-test). Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS20 at a significant level of (P<0. 05). Results: The findings showed that there is a statistically significant difference between mean anxiety in two groups after intervention and storytelling caused anxiety reduction among hospitalized CHILDren compared to the CHILDren who had not received intervention (P ≤ 0. 01). Conclusion: Storytelling can reduce anxiety among 4-7 year old hospitalized CHILDren.

Introduction: HOSPITALIZATION is one of the main causes of anxiety in CHILDren. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of preparation for HOSPITALIZATION on anxiety during admission of school-age CHILDren in Hamadan Beast Hospital in 2017. Methods: In this quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group study, 54 school-age CHILDren (6 to 12 years old) referred to the CHILDren departments (1 and 2) of Besat Hospital of Hamadan were randomly assigned to two groups. A demographic questionnaire and Spielberger anxiety questionnaire were used to collect data. In the treatment group, after completing the questionnaires, the preparation program was provided: this included familiarizing the CHILD with the department and personnel, the tools, and presentation of a cartoon booklet for 30 minutes. For the control group, the usual tasks of the department were applied, after which the questionnaires were re-filled by both groups. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16, Fisher and Chi-square tests. Results: The mean of anxiety scores before and after intervention was significantly different in the control group (P=0. 001), and there was a significant difference between the intervention group before and after the intervention (P=0/050), which indicates the positive effect of the intervention on reducing the anxiety of school-age CHILDren. Conclusion: The program of pereparation for HOSPITALIZATION is an effective method for decreasing the anxiety of school-age CHILDren.

Introduction: Both clinical competence and communication skills of nursing staffs have been shown to play important roles in developing effective nurse/patient relationships. Here, we attempt to clarify whether the clinical comptenece and communication skills of nurses could improve the parents’ anxiety during the HOSPITALIZATION of their neonate or CHILD in pediatric centers in Booshehr province within the year of 2018. Methods: In this cross-sectional, correlational study, the nurses were selected among those whom worked in pediatric, neonatal and pediatric emergency wards using the census sampling method and the parents were selected by convenience sampling method among those parents whose infant/CHILD had been admitted to the pediatric centers in the Booshehr province within the year of 2018. The Nurse Competence Scale, Barton-J Communication Skills Scale, and STAI Anxiety Inventory tools were used to collect data and spss. V. 19 software and Spearman correlation test were used in analysis. Results: The mean score of clinical competence, communication skills and parent anxiety were obtained 77. 26 ± 12. 81, 62. 52 ± 8. 42 and 86. 74 ± 18. 12, respectively. There was a significant inverse relationship between hospital rank of nurses› clinical competence and total anxiety score of parents (r =-0. 363, p value <0. 001). No significant relationship was observed between total communication skills of nurses and total anxiety score of parents (r =-0. 102, p value = 0. 223) but there was a significant inverse relationship between verbal skills category and total anxiety score (r =-0. 217, p value = 0. 010). Conclusions: According to these findings, the higher the clinical competence and verbal communication skills of nurses, the lower the anxiety of parents of hospitalized CHILDren. By selecting qualified nurses with good verbal skills in the neonatal and pediatric wards, nursing managers can provide a basis to reduce the anxiety of parents which also helps nursing staffs to be more focused.